Guadalcanal

Guadalcanal (; indigenous name: Isatabu) is the principal island in the Guadalcanal Province of Solomon Islands, located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia. It is the largest island in the nation of Solomon Islands by both area and population, followed by Malaita. It is the second largest island in the Solomon Islands archipelago by area after Bougainville. The island is mainly covered in dense tropical rainforest and has a mountainous hinterland.

Archaeological sites show habitation on the island since 4500–2500 BC. The Austronesian Lapita peoples migrated to the island about 1200-800 BC. Guadalcanal was first charted by Europeans during the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in 1568. The name comes from the village of Guadalcanal, in the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain, birthplace of Pedro de Ortega Valencia, a member of Mendaña's expedition. During 1942 and 1943, it was the scene of the Guadalcanal campaign and saw bitter fighting between Japanese and Allied troops. The Allied troops were ultimately victorious. At the end of World War II, Honiara, on the north coast of Guadalcanal, became the new capital of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate and later the capital of the independent nation of Solomon Islands.

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